Lifelong Learning-Based Multilayer Neural Network Control of Nonlinear Continuous-Time Strict-Feedback Systems

In This Paper, We Investigate Lifelong Learning (LL)-Based Tracking Control for Partially Uncertain Strict Feedback Nonlinear Systems with State Constraints, employing a Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) of the Multilayer Neural Networks (MNNs) Activation Function based Weight Tuning Scheme. the Novel SVD-Based Approach Extends the MNN Weight Tuning to (Formula Presented.) Layers. a Unique Online LL Method, based on Tracking Error, is Integrated into the MNN Weight Update Laws to Counteract Catastrophic Forgetting. to Adeptly Address Constraints for Safety Assurances, Taking into Account the Effects Caused by Disturbances, We Utilize a Time-Varying Barrier Lyapunov Function (TBLF) that Ensures a Uniformly Ultimately Bounded Closed-Loop System. the Effectiveness of the Proposed Safe LL MNN Approach is Demonstrated through a Leader-Follower Formation Scenario Involving Unknown Kinematics and Dynamics. Supporting Simulation Results of Mobile Robot Formation Control Are Provided, Confirming the Theoretical Findings

Nitrogen-Efficient and Nitrogen-Inefficient Indian Mustard Showed Differential Expression Pattern of Proteins in Response to Elevated CO2 and Low Nitrogen

Carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) are two essential elements that influence plant growth and development. The C and N metabolic pathways influence each other to affect gene expression, but little is known about which genes are regulated by interaction between C and N or the mechanisms by which the pathways interact. In the present investigation, proteome analysis of N-efficient and N-inefficient Indian mustard, grown under varied combinations of low-N, sufficient-N, ambient [CO2] and elevated [CO2] was carried out to identify proteins and the encoding genes of the interactions between C and N. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) revealed 158 candidate protein spots. Among these, 72 spots were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight/time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF). The identified proteins are related to various molecular processes including photosynthesis, energy metabolism, protein synthesis, transport and degradation, signal transduction, nitrogen metabolism and defense to oxidative, water and heat stresses. Identification of proteins like PII-like protein, cyclophilin, elongation factor-TU, oxygen-evolving enhancer protein and rubisco activase offers a peculiar overview of changes elicited by elevated [CO2], providing clues about how N-efficient cultivar of Indian mustard adapt to low N supply under elevated [CO2] conditions. This study provides new insights and novel information for a better understanding of adaptive responses to elevated [CO2] under N deficiency in Indian mustard

Not Available

Not AvailableEnvironmental protection has fascinated the attention of the varied section of people globally thereby creating global issue amongst researchers and scientists working in this area. Pesticides are toxic to aquatic biota which form important components of the food chain such as fishes. Fishes are important sources of protein in nation-state’s diet. So a detailed understanding of the pollutant effect on fishes would be rewarding for fish conservation and fishery development. Cypermethrin, a synthetic pyrethroid pesticide and potential toxic pollutant contaminating aquatic ecosystems, was investigated in the present study for acute toxicity. Indian major carp (Cirrhinus mrigala) were selected for the bioassay experiments. Experimental fish were subjected to different concentrations of cypermethrin ranging from 0.40 to 6.40μg/l for 96 hrs in test containers. The static renewal test method of acute toxicity test was used. Water temperature was regulated at 26.8 ± 3° C. In addition, behavioral changes such as loss of schooling behaviour, swimming near the water surface, hyper activity, erratic movements, seizures, loss of buoyancy, darting movements and hitting against the walls of test tanks at each cypermethrin concentration were observed for the individual fish. Data acquired from the cypermethrin acute toxicity tests were evaluated using the arithmetic method of Karber. The 96 hr LC50 value for Cirrhinus mrigala was estimated as 4.57μg/l. The possible variation in the LC 50 values can be attributed to toxicant sensitivity, its concentration and duration of exposure.Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR

Nanotechnological Interventions in Agriculture

Agriculture is an important sector that plays an important role in providing food to both humans and animals. In addition, this sector plays an important role in the world economy. Changes in climatic conditions and biotic and abiotic stresses cause significant damage to agricultural production around the world. Therefore, the development of sustainable agricultural techniques is becoming increasingly important keeping in view the growing population and its demands. Nanotechnology provides important tools to different industrial sectors, and nowadays, the use of nanotechnology is focused on achieving a sustainable agricultural system. Great attention has been given to the development and optimization of nanomaterials and their application in the agriculture sector to improve plant growth and development, plant health and protection and overall performance in terms of morphological and physiological activities. The present communication provides up-to-date information on nanotechnological interventions in the agriculture sector. The present review deals with nanoparticles, their types and the role of nanotechnology in plant growth, development, pathogen detection and crop protection, its role in the delivery of genetic material, plant growth regulators and agrochemicals and its role in genetic engineering. Moreover, the role of nanotechnology in stress management is also discussed. Our aim in this review is to aid researchers to learn quickly how to use plant nanotechnology for improving agricultural production

Biotechnological Intervention and Secondary Metabolite Production in <i>Centella asiatica</i> L.

Centella asiatica L., commonly known as Gotu kola, Indian pennywort, and Asiatic pennyworts, is an herbaceous perennial plant that belongs to the family Apiaceae and has long been used in the traditional medicine system. The plant is known to produce a wide range of active metabolites such as triterpenoids including asiatic acid, asiaticoside, brahmoside, and madecassic acid along with other constituents including centellose, centelloside, and madecassoside, etc., which show immense pharmacological activity. Due to its beneficial role in neuroprotection activity, the plant has been considered as a brain tonic. However, limited cultivation, poor seed viability with low germination rate, and overexploitation for decades have led to severe depletion and threatened its wild stocks. The present review aimed to provide up-to-date information on biotechnological tools applied to this endangered medicinal plant for its in vitro propagation, direct or indirect regeneration, synthetic seed production, strategies for secondary metabolite productions including different elicitors. In addition, a proposed mechanism for the biosynthesis of triterpenoids is also discussed

Not Available

Not AvailableIn the present study the microbes from the thermal springs of Maharashtra were characterized to reveal the different bacterial groups. Screening and isolation, and their identification by biochemical and molecular methods (16S rRNA sequencing) were the major exercises of this study. The water samples from the three thermal springs Sativali, Nimbavali and Ganeshpuri of Thane, Maharashtra were collected for isolation of microbes and physico-chemical characteristics. The presence of two strains of Bacillus and one of Staphylococcus belonging to the same OTU (Operational Taxonomic Unit) Firmicutes were found in the thermal springs by Sequencing of the 16S rRNA of the isolates followed by BLAST search. This investigation indicates that the thermal springs of Maharashtra, India is a rich source of many thermophilic bacteria. Furthermore, these microbes have potential for producing the extracellular thermostable hydrolytic enzymes having a great commercial prospect in various industrial, medical and agriculture applications.Not Availabl

Not Available

Not AvailableEurycomanone (EN), a quassinoid present in E. longifolia plants acts as a testosterone booster in male animals. The present study was aimed to explore the role of EN in females using fish as model organism. Chitosan nano-conjugated EN nanoparticles were synthesised and tested for their role in reproductive response in female catfish. Three injections of the formulation were given for a period of 21 days and the mRNA expression profile of important genes as well as serum hormones involved in steroid hormone synthesis were evaluated. In gonads, the mRNA expression of genes was upregulated except CYP19a1 (aromatase), that significantly decreased in the treatment groups. The hormone genes, FSH-β and LH-β mRNA levels in brain were upregulated whereas CYP19a2 was sharply downregulated following treatments. The testosterone varied non-significantly while the estradiol-17β serum hormone was significantly diminished. The effect was sustained in chitosan conjugated treatments compared to EN alone. The Gonadosomatic index (GSI) varied non-significantly in different treatments and control. In treatment groups, histological analysis showed the ovarian follicles in the regressed phase. Analysis of the results of the undertaken research leads to conclusion that that EN may not be beneficial for female reproduction due to its obstructive role in estrogenic production.Not Availabl

Not Available

Not AvailableIn fish, as in higher animals, the normal ontogenesis of the gonads is the basis for successful reproduction. Gonadal differentiation and development depend on the genetic cascade that programmes the events. Eventually, gonads become the sites for the maturation of gametes, which are originally derived from the primordial germ cells (PGCs) and form the cellular basis of reproduction. In fish hormones of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis regulate reproduction and fertility by promoting or inhibiting the production of gonadal sex steroids and their function. Gonadal sex steroids not only guide proper gonadal development and function but also play a key role in the activation and regulation of the HPG axis through two feedback control systems. In this review, we discuss the general outline and expression pattern of the major genes involved in testicular development and gonadal steroidogenesis in fish. The review attempts, for the first time, to collect and discuss recent information regarding the regulation of sex differentiation and steroidogenic genes during the stages of testicular development and in response to different external factors. Furthermore, clear insights into the important genes and their regulation involved in the HPG axis and spermatogenesis are presented briefly. This review can serve as a guide for fish breeders on the substances that have a positive impact on reproduction in males.Not Availabl

Not Available

Not AvailableThe Paracoccus sp. is one of the best-characterized prokaryote that has served as a model organism to study the dentrification and sulphur oxidation processes. However, its ability of dentrification and sulphur oxidation in coastal shrimp ponds is not reported much. In the present work, the Gram-negative, neutrophilic, facultatively lithoautotrophic bacterium Paracoccus saliphilus strain SPUM isolated from coastal shrimp ponds of Urran, Maharashtra, was studied for its efficiency of simultaneous heterotrophic nitrification–aerobic denitrification and sulphur oxidation processes. The maximum removal rate of nitrite and nitrate was 11.22 ± 0.31 and 14.17 ± 0.31 mg of NO3-N/l respectively after 24 h of incubation, while the sulphatesulphur production observed was 190 ± 4.3 mg l−1 with a change in pH from 8.0 to 7.4 ± 0.08 after 12 days of incubation. The strain was characterized using universal 16S rRNA gene primers revealing high similarity (> 99%) with Paracoccus saliphilus belonging to α- proteobacteria. The isolate could express sulphate thiolesterase/sulphate thiohydrolase, soxB gene which is essential for sulphur oxidation. From all the results, it has been found that the strain SPUM could play a major role in simultaneous aerobic nitrification/denitrification and sulphur oxidation processes to overcome the toxicity of nitrogenous and sulphur-reducing compounds respectively in coastal aquaculture and wastewater systems.Not Availabl